1) Whip antenna

Generally, the work is not high. In the U/V band, there are many deformation forms, such as rod antennas, spring antennas, etc., an omnidirectional antenna often used in automobiles, wireless WIFI, walkie-talkies, etc., the gain is not high, generally within 10dBi, also Higher performance indicators can be achieved through multiple arrays (PHS rod antennas).

2) Plate antenna

The most used antenna in mobile communication base stations, the advantages of this antenna are: high gain, good sector pattern, small back lobe, easy control of depression angle of vertical plane pattern, reliable sealing performance and long service life.

3) Ceiling antenna

It is generally used in indoor wireless coverage scenarios. According to its different radiation forms, it can be divided into directional ceiling antennas and omnidirectional ceiling antennas, and omnidirectional ceiling antennas can be divided into single-polarized ceiling and dual-polarized ceiling. kind.

4) Yagi Antenna / Log Periodic Antenna

Yagi antenna is mainly used for link transmission and repeater, and has the advantages of high gain, light structure, convenient erection and low price. The more units the antenna has, the higher the gain. Usually, a 6-12 unit Yagi directional antenna is used, and its gain can reach 10-15dBi. The old TV receiving antenna used a Yagi antenna. The log-periodic antenna is similar to the Yagi antenna. By adjusting the frequency of each radiating element, it has a wide-band coverage capability, and is mainly used for link relay and radio direction finding.

5) Parabolic antenna

A highly directional antenna specially used for long-distance communication, with a very narrow beam width and a high gain value, also known as a high-gain directional antenna. There are also various variants, including feed-forward paraboloids, feed-back Cassegrain antennas, and grid antennas for low-frequency use. This kind of antenna is usually used for point-to-point communication connection. The antennas must be aimed at each other very accurately, and the direct line of sight (Light?of?Sight) between the antennas must be free of any obstructions.

The parabolic antennas we have seen range from large to small. The small ones are like a household "pot cover", and the large ones are like a "big pot cover" with a diameter of more than ten meters in a satellite receiving station. This size is called the diameter. The larger the diameter, the more the antenna. The higher the gain.

6) Planar antenna

PCB Antennas: PCB antennas are the most common planar antennas, which can be either small pieces or small loops, helical or linear. Their BOM cost is negligible, they only need to take up PCB space, the cost is low, there is no need to assemble the antenna separately, it is not easy to touch and damage, and the whole machine is easy to assemble, but there is a price - sacrificing performance.

Dielectric ceramic antenna: Since the size of the antenna is related to the working wavelength, one of the disadvantages of the PCB antenna is that if better performance is required, the size will increase. The dielectric ceramic antenna better solves this problem. The dielectric constant is very high, and the size and space are small. Typical applications are GPS and Bluetooth antennas.

Conformal antenna: Planar antenna also has a significant advantage: if a flexible printed board is used, the antenna can be made close to the surface of the object, and the antenna can even be fabricated on the surface of the object, resulting in conformal antennas, aircraft, missiles, etc. All surfaces can be used; combined with laser engraving technology, conformal antennas (FPC antennas, LDS antennas) can be made on the mobile phone case.

7) Horn Antenna

The horn antenna is a microwave antenna, which belongs to the surface antenna. The microwave antenna with a circular or rectangular cross-section whose waveguide terminal is gradually opened has the advantages of simple structure, wide frequency band, large power capacity, and convenient adjustment and use. If the horn size is selected reasonably, good radiation characteristics can be obtained.

There are many sub-categories of horn antennas, including standard gain horns, conical horns, pyramid horns, double ridge horns, lens horns, corrugated horns and so on.